Pediatric Urology Pediatric urology is the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired urological conditions and diseases in children. It includes care of the male reproductive system and the male and female urinary tracts — kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.  The most common condition we see in children is urinary tract infection, but we also see and treat Abnormally located urethral openings Backup of urine from the bladder into the ureter Bedwetting Distention of the kidney (in utero) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction, which may cause kidney damage The exam We will take a complete medical history — including a history of symptoms, illnesses, injuries, medications, prenatal ultrasound, and family history — and conduct a comprehensive physical examination. If necessary, we will also conduct diagnostic tests such as Blood tests Cystometrogram, which measures bladder pressure at various stages of filling Cystoscopy, which is an examination of the bladder and ureter Intravenous pyelogram, which is a series of x-rays of the ureter and renal pelvis taken after injecting a contrast agent Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) Renal scan Ultrasound (to detect blockage in the urinary tract) Urinalysis and urine culture (to detect urinary tract infection) Urodynamic studies, which measure the storage and rate of movement of urine from the bladder Uroflowmetry, which measures urine flow Voiding cystourethrogram (used to observe the urinary tract before, during, and after urination)